1, ibishishwa bike imbaraga zikomeye zubaka ibyuma

Ikoreshwa mu nyubako, Ikiraro, amato, ibinyabiziga, imiyoboro y’ingutu n’izindi nzego, ibirimo karubone (gusesengura gushonga) muri rusange ntabwo birenga 0,20%, ibintu byose bivangavanze muri rusange ntabwo birenze 2,5%, imbaraga z’umusaruro ntabwo ari nke kurenza 295MPa, ifite ingaruka nziza gukomera hamwe no gusudira ibyuma bito bito.

2, ibyuma byubaka

Ibyuma bya karubone bikoreshwa mu nyubako, Ikiraro, amato, ibinyabiziga nizindi nyubako, bigomba kuba bifite imbaraga runaka, ibintu bigira ingaruka hamwe nogusudira mugihe bibaye ngombwa.

3. Icyuma cyo kubaka

Ibyuma bikoreshwa mukubaka inyubako ndende ninyubako zingenzi.Irasabwa kugira ingaruka zikomeye gukomera, imbaraga zihagije, imikorere myiza yo gusudira, igipimo runaka cyingufu zingirakamaro, hamwe nicyerekezo cyubugari mugihe bibaye ngombwa.

4. Icyuma kubiraro

Ibyuma bikoreshwa mukubaka gari ya moshi n'umuhanda Bridges.Birasabwa kugira imbaraga nyinshi nubukomezi buhagije, ibyiyumvo byo hasi, ubukonje buke buke, ubukonje bukabije, kurwanya umunaniro no gukora gusudira.Ibyuma nyamukuru ni Q345q, Q370q, Q420q nibindi byuma bito bito cyane.

5. Icyuma

Gusudira neza nibindi bintu, bikwiranye no gusana imiterere nyamukuru yubwato nubwato bwubwato.Ibyuma by'ubwato birasabwa kuba bifite imbaraga nyinshi, gukomera neza, kurwanya gukomanga no kurwanya amazi maremare.

6. Icyuma kumitsi

Ibyuma bikoreshwa mugukora amato yingutu ya peteroli, gutandukanya gaze no kubika gaze nibikoresho byo gutwara.Birasabwa kugira imbaraga zihagije nubukomere, imikorere myiza yo gusudira nubushobozi bukonje kandi bushyushye.Ibyuma bikoreshwa cyane ni bike cyane bivanze cyane ibyuma nicyuma cya karubone.

7, icyuma gike

Kugirango hakorwe ibikoresho byingutu nuburyo bukoreshwa munsi -20 ℃, ibyuma bifite ubushyuhe buke bwo hasi hamwe nubudozi burasabwa.Ukurikije ubushyuhe butandukanye, ibyuma nyamukuru ni buke buke buvanze cyane ibyuma, nikel ibyuma na austenitis ibyuma bitagira umuyonga.

8, ibyuma

Ibyuma bikoreshwa mugukora superheater, umuyoboro wingenzi wamazi, umuyoboro wurukuta rwamazi ningoma.Irasabwa kugira imiterere yubukanishi mubushyuhe bwicyumba nubushyuhe bwo hejuru, okiside na alkaline irwanya ruswa, imbaraga zihagije zihagije hamwe na plastike yamenetse.Icyuma nyamukuru nicyuma cyitwa pearlite ibyuma birwanya ubushyuhe (ibyuma bya chromium-molybdenum), ibyuma birwanya ubushyuhe bwa austenitike (ibyuma bya chromium-nikel), ibyuma byiza bya karubone (ibyuma 20) hamwe nicyuma gike cyane.

9. Icyuma

Ibyuma bya peteroli na gaze karemano umwanya wo gutandukanya umurongo.Nicyuma giciriritse cyicyuma kinini gifite imbaraga nyinshi, gukomera gukomeye, imashini nziza, gusudira no kurwanya ruswa.

10, ultra imbaraga zikomeye ibyuma bitanga imbaraga nimbaraga zingana kurenza 1200MPa na 1400MPa.Ibintu byingenzi biranga ni imbaraga nyinshi cyane, gukomera bihagije, birashobora kwihanganira imihangayiko myinshi, icyarimwe ifite imbaraga nyinshi zihariye, kuburyo imiterere ishoboka kugirango igabanye ibiro.

11. Ugereranije nicyuma gisanzwe cyubatswe nicyuma, ibyuma byujuje ubuziranenge bwa karubone bifite ibintu bike bya sulfure, fosifore hamwe nubutare butari ibyuma.Ukurikije ibirimo bya karubone nuburyo butandukanye, igabanijwemo ibyuma bike bya karubone, ibyuma bya karubone yo hagati hamwe nicyuma kinini cya karubone, nibindi, bikoreshwa cyane cyane mugukora ibikoresho byimashini nisoko.

12. Kuvanga ibyuma byubaka

Hashingiwe ku byuma byubaka ibyuma bya karubone hamwe nibintu bikwiye bivangwa, bikoreshwa cyane mugukora ibyuma byibice bya mashini bifite ubunini bunini.Ifite ubukana bukwiye, imbaraga zisumba izindi, ubukana nimbaraga zumunaniro hamwe nubushyuhe buke bwo kugabanuka nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe.Ubu bwoko bwibyuma burimo cyane cyane ibyuma no gukonjesha, ibyuma bikomera hejuru hamwe na plastiki ikonje ikora ibyuma.

13. Ibyuma birwanya ubushyuhe

Kuvanga ibyuma bifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi bihamye byimiti mubushyuhe bwinshi.Harimo okiside - ibyuma birwanya (cyangwa bita ubushyuhe - ibyuma birwanya ibyuma) nubushyuhe - ibyuma bikomeye ibyiciro bibiri.Oxidation irwanya ibyuma muri rusange bisaba imiti ihamye, ariko ifite imitwaro yo hasi.Ibyuma bitanga ubushyuhe bisaba imbaraga zubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe no kurwanya okiside nyinshi.

14, ibyuma byikirere (ibyuma birwanya ruswa byangiza ikirere)

Ongeramo umuringa, fosifore, chromium, nikel nibindi bintu kugirango utezimbere kwangirika kwikirere kwicyuma.Ubu bwoko bwibyuma bugabanijwemo ibyuma birebire cyane hamwe nuburyo bwo gusudira ibyuma.