1. Gutondekanya ibyapa (harimo ibyuma bya strip):
1. Gutondekanya kubyimbye: (1) isahani yoroheje (2) isahani yo hagati (3) isahani yuzuye (4) isahani yimbitse
2. Gutondekanya muburyo bwo gukora: (1) Urupapuro rushyushye (2) Urupapuro rukonje
3. Gutondekanya kubiranga uburinganire:
4. Gutondeka ukoresheje: ) Icyuma cyamashanyarazi (urupapuro rwicyuma cya silicon) (9) Isahani yicyuma (10) Abandi
2 isahani yimbitse, irwanya umuriro nicyuma cyihanganira ikirere
3. Kuzunguruka gukonje: igiceri kizungurutse cyane, igicupa gikonje gikonje, urupapuro rwa elegitoronike, urupapuro rushyushye, urupapuro rwerekana amabara, urupapuro rwometseho amabara, igipapuro cyometseho amabati, icyuma gisize amabati, icyuma cyamashanyarazi cya Baosteel, icyuma gikomatanya, icyuma gikonje impapuro zicyuma, urupapuro rwa aluminiyumu, GB ishyushye-dip urupapuro rwerekana amashanyarazi, ibara ryerekana amabara Ikarita y'amabara Ikarita y'amabara GB amabati asize WISCO silicon ibyuma
4. Guteka isahani yicyuma no kwica isahani yicyuma: 1. Isahani itetse nicyuma gishyushye gikozwe mubyuma bikozwe mubyuma bisanzwe bya karubone byubaka ibyuma.Guteka ibyuma ni ubwoko bwibyuma hamwe na deoxidation ituzuye.Gusa umubare munini wa deoxidizer ufite intege nke zikoreshwa mugukuraho ibyuma bishongeshejwe.Umwuka wa ogisijeni urimo ibyuma bishongeshejwe ni mwinshi., niyo mpamvu izina ryibyuma bitetse.Ibyuma bitetse bifite karubone nkeya, kandi kubera ko ferrosilicon idafite ubumara, ibirimo silikoni mubyuma nabyo biri hasi (Si <0.07%).Igice cyo hanze cyibyuma bitetse kirabikwa muburyo bwo gukurura cyane ibyuma bishongeshejwe biterwa no gutekwa, bityo igorofa yo hejuru irasukuye kandi yuzuye, hamwe nubuziranenge bwubuso bwiza, plastike nziza hamwe no gukubita, nta mwobo munini wogusunika, uciye impera.bike, umusaruro ni mwinshi, kandi uburyo bwo gukora ibyuma bitetse biroroshye, gukoresha ferroalloy ni bike, kandi igiciro cyibyuma ni gito.Isahani yo guteka ikoreshwa cyane mugukora ibice bitandukanye byo guteramo kashe, ubwubatsi nubwubatsi ndetse nibice bimwe byingenzi bidafite imashini.Nyamara, hari umwanda mwinshi murwego rwibyuma bitetse, gutandukanya birakomeye, imiterere ntabwo yuzuye, kandi nubukanishi ntabwo ari bumwe.Muri icyo gihe, kubera gaze nyinshi iri mu byuma, ubukana buri hasi, ubukonje bukabije hamwe no gusaza bikabije, kandi imikorere yo gusudira nayo ni mibi.Kubwibyo, icyuma gitetse ntigikwiye gukorwa mubikorwa byo gusudira hamwe nizindi nzego zingenzi zikorerwa imitwaro kandi igakora mubihe by'ubushyuhe buke.2. Icyuma cyishe icyapa nicyuma gikozwe mubyuma bisanzwe bya karubone byubatswe byica ibyuma bizunguruka.Ibyuma byiciwe ni ibyuma byangiza.Icyuma gishongeshejwe cyuzuyemo ferromanganese, ferrosilicon na aluminium mbere yo gusuka.Umwuka wa ogisijeni uri mu byuma bishongeshejwe ni muke (ubusanzwe 0.002-0.003%), kandi ibyuma bishongeshejwe biratuje muburyo bwa ingot.Nta kintu kibira kibaho, niyo mpamvu izina ryibyuma byishe.Mubikorwa bisanzwe bisanzwe, nta bubyimba mubyuma byiciwe, kandi imiterere ni imwe kandi yuzuye;bitewe na ogisijeni nkeya, ibyuma bifite okiside nkeya, isuku nyinshi, hamwe n'ubukonje bukabije hamwe no gusaza;icyarimwe, ibyuma byiciwe bifite amacakubiri mato, Imikorere irasa kandi ireme ni ryinshi.Ingaruka z'ibyuma byiciwe ni uko yibanze cyane mu mwobo wo kugabanuka, umusaruro muke ndetse nigiciro kinini.Kubwibyo, ibyuma byishe bikoreshwa cyane cyane mubice byibasiwe nubushyuhe buke, ibyubatswe hamwe nibindi bikoresho bisaba imbaraga nyinshi.Icyuma giciriritse cyicyuma cyicwa nicyuma cyica igice.Bitewe n'imbaraga zayo nyinshi n'imikorere isumba iyindi, irashobora kuzigama ibyuma byinshi no kugabanya uburemere bwimiterere, kandi kuyikoresha byabaye byinshi cyane.5. Icyuma cyiza cya karubone cyubatswe cyiza: Icyuma cyiza cya karubone cyubatswe nicyuma cya karubone gifite karubone iri munsi ya 0.8%.Iki cyuma kirimo sulfure nkeya, fosifore hamwe n’ibyuma bitarimo ibyuma kuruta ibyuma byubaka karubone, kandi bifite imiterere myiza yubukanishi..Ibyuma byujuje ubuziranenge bwa karubone birashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitatu ukurikije ibirimo karubone: ibyuma bike bya karubone (C≤0.25%), ibyuma bya karubone yo hagati (C ni 0,25-0,6%) hamwe nicyuma kinini cya karubone (C> 0,6%).Ibyuma byujuje ubuziranenge bwa karubone bigabanyijemo amatsinda abiri ukurikije ibintu bitandukanye bya manganese: ibisanzwe bya manganese (manganese 0,25% -0.8%) hamwe na manganese yo hejuru (manganese 0,70% -1,20%), iyanyuma ifite imiterere yubukanishi.imikorere n'ibikorwa.1. Ibyuma bya karubone byujuje ubuziranenge ibyuma bishyushye bizengurutswe n'impapuro.
Ibyiciro by'ibyuma byayo ni ibyuma bitetse: 08F, 10F, 15F;ibyuma byishe: 08, 08AL, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50. 25 na munsi ni ibyuma bya karuboni nkeya, 30 na Hejuru ya 30 ni icyuma giciriritse giciriritse.2. Ibyuma byujuje ubuziranenge bwa karubone ibyuma bishyushye bizengurutswe nibyuma byibyuma hamwe nu byuma bigari Ibyuma bya karuboni nziza yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ibyuma bishyushye byuzuye ibyuma bishyushye hamwe nibyuma bigari bikoreshwa mubice bitandukanye byububiko.
Ibyiciro byibyuma ni ibyuma bya karubone bike harimo: 05F, 08F, 08, 10F, 10, 15F, 15, 20F, 20, 25, 20Mn, 25Mn, nibindi.;icyuma giciriritse giciriritse kirimo: 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 30Mn, 40Mn, 50Mn, 60Mn, nibindi.;
Ibyuma byinshi bya karubone birimo: 65, 70, 65Mn, nibindi
6. Icyapa kidasanzwe cyubatswe:
1. Isahani yicyuma cyumuvuduko: Yerekanwa nigishoro R nyuma yicyiciro, kandi amanota arashobora kugaragazwa numusaruro cyangwa ibirimo karubone cyangwa ibintu bivanga.Nka: Q345R, Q345 niyo ngingo yo gutanga umusaruro.Urundi rugero: 20R, 16MnR, 15MnVR, 15MnVNR, 8MnMoNbR, MnNiMoNbR, 15CrMoR, nibindi byose bigaragazwa nibirimo karubone cyangwa ibintu bivanga.
2. Isahani yicyuma cyo gusudira gaze ya gaz: koresha inyuguti nkuru HP nyuma yicyiciro, kandi amanota ashobora kugaragazwa numusaruro, nka: Q295HP, Q345HP;irashobora kandi kugaragazwa nibintu bivanga nka: 16MnREHP.
3. Isahani yicyuma kubiteke: koresha inyuguti nto g urangije amanota.Urwego rwarwo rushobora kugaragazwa numusaruro, nka: Q390g;irashobora kandi kugaragazwa nibintu birimo karubone cyangwa ibintu bivangavanze, nka 20g, 22Mng, 15CrMog, 16Mng, 19Mng, 13MnNiCrMoNbg, 12Cr1MoVg, nibindi.
4. Ibyapa byicyuma kubiraro: koresha inyuguti nto q urangije icyiciro, nka Q420q, 16Mnq, 14MnNbq, nibindi 5. Icyapa cyicyuma kumodoka: Yerekanwa numurwa mukuru L urangije icyiciro, nka 09MnREL, 06TiL, 08TiL, 10TiL, 09SiVL, 16MnL, 16MnREL, n'ibindi.